3D Scanning and Printing

subtractive vs additive processes

printing
   motivation motivation motivation
      complexity
      access
      net-shape
      waste
   constraints
      failure
      resolution
      time
      cost
      ventilation certification
      materials materials
         PLA
            plant-based renewable polymer
            low volatiles, fine particles
            easiest to print
            glass transition ~60C
            more brittle
         PETG
            oil-based recyclable polymer
            low volatiles, fine particles
            glass transition ~80C
            tougher, better UV resistance
         PMMA, ABS, HIPS, TPU, PVA, PEI, PEEK, ...
            flexible, strong, high-temperature, ...
            more difficult to print
         metal, wood composites
         hygroscopic storage
         lifecycle
         settings, adaptation
      design rules
         supports types design
            overhang FCStd jpg stl
            clearance FCStd jpg stl
         unsupported
            angle FCStd jpg stl
            overhang FCStd jpg stl
            bridging FCStd jpg stl
         wall thickness FCStd jpg stl
         dimensions FCStd jpg stl
         anisotropy,orientation FCStd jpg stl
         surface finish FCStd jpg stl
         infill FCStd jpg stl
         tapers, corner
      z offset, leveling, measurement
      adhesion, warping, rafts, brims
      pausing print, insert molding
      post-processing plating
   processes, systems
      stereolithography (STL)
         3D Systems
         Formlabs parts Print the Legend Chase Me mass customization 
         Elegoo
         Nanoscribe
      fused-deposition molding (FDM)/fused filament fabrication (FFF)
         Stratasys
         RepRap self-replication generations
         Ultimaker Z-Unlimited
         Prusa parts XL color AFS 
         Sainsmart
         Bambu AMS parts color
         Snapmaker
         Wasp clay crane
         InMachines
         Hangprinter
         E3D
         Precious Plastic
         Filastruder
      direct energy deposition (DED), wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)
         MX3D bridge
      selective laser sintering (SLS)
         Formlabs parts
         EOS
      binder jetting
         Desktop Metal
      HP Multi Jet Fusion
      Stratasys PolyJet
         J55 color
      bioprinting
      assemblers
   materials
      Proto-pasta
      MatterHackers
      NinjaTek
      MachineableWax
      The Virtual Foundry
      fabric fabric
      food safety food safety food safety
   service bureaus
      print farms
      Shapeways
      JLCPCB
      Ponoko
      Additively

file formats
   STL
      ASCII
         solid object_name
            facet normal n1 n2 n3
               outer loop
                  vertex v11 v12 v13
                  vertex v21 v22 v23
                  vertex v31 v32 v33
               endloop
            endfacet
            ...
         endsolid object_name
      binary
         80 byte ASCII header
         32-bit integer number of facets
         50 byte facet records
            32-bit IEEE floats
            normal
            vertices 1,2,3
            2 byte attribute
      right hand rule
      normal (optional)
      (lack of) units
      file size
   PLY
   AMF 3MF
   STEP
   FAV
   OBJ, 3ds, DXF
   VRML, X3D
   glTF
   Alembic
   FREP
      adaptively-sampled distance fields
   voxels
      .vol, .gif, image stack
      marching cubes
      voxel print
   G-codes
      pause image non-planar arc overhang brick layer

software
   texture mapping, painting
      Blender
   meshing
      MeshLab netfabb meshmixer Geomagic
   slicing
      ReplicatorG Skeinforge Slic3r PrusaSlicer Cura IceSL Kiri:Moto t43
   printing
      Printrun OctoPrint Repetier
   firmware
      Klipper
   sharing
      Sketchfab Thingiverse Printables modelviewer

scanning
   point cloud, triangulation, watertight, texture
   lighting, background, surface treatment
   tomography Radon transform micro-CT
      Rigaku Lumafield
   scanned probe
   confocal
   serial sections
   opacity
   digitizer
   Photogrammetry
      AliceVision Meshroom image
      Luma AI Polycam KIRI Engine ReCap PhotoScan VisualSFM SCANN3D Qlone
      OpenMVG COLMAP OpenScan scanner
   speckle OpenKinect ReconstructMe
   laser FabScan
   structured light Gray code POP3
   stereo Ferret Pro scans
   LIDAR Seeed TI Intel Matterport Scaniverse
   light stage scanning photoreal
   SLAM

Lingdong Michelle Julia Valdemar
   group assignment:
      • test the design rules for your 3D printer(s)
   individual assignment:
      • design, document, and 3D print an object
         that could not be made subtractively
         (small, few cm3, limited by printer time)
      • 3D scan an object (and optionally print it)