electrical safety ~1 mA: OK ~10 mA: shock, contraction ~100 mA: fibrillation body: M ohm external, k ohm internal dielectric breakdown: ~kV/mm supply capacitors inductive flyback protection diodes connector polarization, orientation power supplies RGB LED PWM hello.RGB.45.cad board components traces interior C makefile video LED array Charlieplexing hello.array.44.cad board components traces interior C makefile video hello.array.44.2.cad board components bottom vias top interior C makefile video LCD 44780 hello.LCD.44.cad board components traces interior C makefile video serial video RS170, NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VGA 75 ohm impedance hello.video.44.cad board components traces interior C makefile video asm SPI TVout thinner client color speaker MOSFET NDS355AN, NDS356AP, RFD16N05LSM9A hello.speaker.45.cad board components traces interior C makefile video wavetable floating gates gate resistors low-pass filters class D amplifiers solenoid brush DC motor H-bridge hello.H-bridge.44.cad board components traces interior C makefile video torque, power, efficiency, gearing vibration brushless DC motor (BLDC) efficiency, density, reliability, noise inrunner, outrunner, fan Kv (RPM/V) ~1,10,100 A,$ triple half-bridge drive waveform open-loop, closed-loop control back EMF (BEMF) sensing electronic speed controller (ESC) MTD6501/MCP8063, A4963 servo motor hello.servo.44.cad board components traces interior C (hardware PWM) makefile C (two-channel, software PWM) makefile video stepper motor unipolar hello.stepper.44.cad board components traces interior wave makefile full makefile half makefile video bipolar hello.stepper.bipolar.44.cad board components traces interior full makefile video wire identification step PWM, duration microstepping electro-permanent motor control Allegro Pololu TinyG ChiliPeppr solid state relay shape memory piezo assignment add an output device to a microcontroller board you've designed and program it to do something
