invention research, development ready, fire, aim pain ecosystems intellectual property patents types utility (20 years from filing) design (14 years from grant) search disclosure private public US: 1 year to file most international: can't file defensive provisional 1 year to convert included in term full teaching specification, claims types composition method apparatus manufacture examination novel, non-obvious, useful (im)possibility genes, business processes, software Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) nationalization EPO precedence first to file vs first to invent maintenance litigation defense troll, NPE ~ $100, $1k, $10k, $100k copyrights original works of authorship designs, software, circuits, mask works reproduce, modify, distribute, perform, display secured on creation notice of copyright registration lifetime + 70 years licenses open-source vs free Creative Commons GPL LGPL BSD MIT/X11 Apache fab lab trademarks establishment registration protection income motivations financial cultural social sources licenses products consumables platforms advertising infrastructure services operation customization education research impact for-profit sole proprietor partnership limited liability company (LLC) corporation non-profit 501(c)(3) funding VC angel friends & family loan bootstrap purchase commitment crowdsource lifecycle (failure of) business plan (need for) management team (problems in) scaling (pressure for) exit assignment develop a plan for dissemination of your final project